Resolve Windows Startup BSOD

My Windows machine crashes with a blue-screen loop the instant it boots; the stop error shows up before I ever reach the desktop and even Safe Mode drops to the same BSOD. No new hardware or software was... (Budget: ₹1500 - ₹12500 INR, Jobs: C# Programming, Computer Repair, Software Architecture, System Administration, Technical Support, Troubleshooting, Windows Desktop, Windows Server)